横浜

ROUTE 1. Yokohama. Yokohama, the place where most visitors first touch Japanese soil, is the largest of the Treaty Ports and practically the port of Tokyo. The landing-place (Hatoba) and the Custom-house (Zei-kwan) are within 5 min. drive of the hotels, and 10 min. of the principal Railway Station. Hotels. - Grand Hotel, No. 20; Oriental Palace Hotel, No. 11; Club Hotel, No. 5-b, all on the Bund, facing the sea; Wright's No. 40; Royal Hotel, No. 87; Hotel Belmont, No. 81; Pleasanton Hotel, No. 17; Bluff Hotel, No. 2, Bluff.

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Railway Stations and Trams. - Chief railway station, 10 min. by jinrikisha from the Foreign Settlement; another at Hiranuma, a suburb 20 min. distant, for certain Tokaido trains only. - Electric cars run constantly through the town and on to Tokyo. Restaurants. - (Europ. food) at the principal Railway Station (upstairs); (Jap. food), Chitose, in Sumiyoshi-cho Roku-chome; Yaomasa, in Aioi-cho San-chome. Japanese Inns. - Fukui, in Benten-dori; Nishimura-ya, Takano-ya, in Honcho-dori. Banks. - Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, No. 2; Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China, No. 179; International Bank, No. 74; Deutsch-Asiatische Bank, No. 180; Yokohama Specie Bank (Shokin Ginko), near Railway Station.

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Consulates. - American, No. 234; British, No. 172; French, No. 84; German, No. 17, Bund. Post and Telegraph Office. - This, together with the Telephone Exchange, the Custom-house, and the Prefecture (Kencho), stands near the British and American Consulates, on the ground between the Foreign Settlement and the Japanese town. Steam Communication. - Japan Mail Steamship Company (Nippon Yusen Kwaisha), close to the Railway Station; Peninsular and Oriental, No. 15; Messageries Maritimes, No. 9; Norddeutscher Lloyd, No. 29; Pacific Mail, No. 4 a; Toyo Kisen Kwaisha, No. 17; Canadian Pacific, No. 14; Great Northern, No. 10; Northern Pacific, Dodwell and Co. Ltd., No. 50-b.

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Landing and Shipping Agents. - Nickel & Co., 40 a; MacArthur & Co., No. 10; Helm Bros., No. 43.

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Churches. - Christ Church (Anglican), No. 335, Bluff; Union Church (Protestant), Bluff; Roman Catholic, No. 44 Bluff. Clubs. - Yokohama United Club, No. 4-b; Club Germania, No. 235; Masonic Temple, No. 78. Photographs of Japanese Scenery and Costumes; Lantern-slides, etc. - Tamamura, 2, Benten-dori; Kimbei, in Honcho-dori; Farsari, No. 32; Ogawa, Enami, both in Benten-dori. Books and Maps. - Kelly and Walsh, No. 60; Geiser and Gilbert, No. 90; Maruya, in Benten-dori. Foreign Stores for Japanese Works of Art. - Arthur & Bond's Fine Art Gallery, No. 38; Kuhn & Komor, No. 37.

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Japanese Curio Dealers. - Samurai Shokwai, in Honcho-dori; Endo Art Furniture Co., 25 Uchida-cho, roku-chome, for carvings and other fine works of art; Nakagawa, in Benten-dori; Musashi-ya, and Konoike, in Honcho-dori, for jewellery, ivories, silver-ware, etc.; Matsuishi-ya, in Honcho-dori, for porcelain in European shapes; "The Benten," and numerous others, especially in Benten-dori. (Makuza Kozan's porcelain factory, outside the native town at Ota-mura, is shown to visitors.) Silk Stores. - Iida Takashima-ya, 81, Yamashita-cho; Tanabe, Shobei, Iwata, and Shiono, all in Honcho-dori; also, for cheaper articles, Yamaguchi, in Ota-machi; Goto, in Benten-dori Ni-chome.

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Embroideries, Silk and Cotton Crapes, Japanese Cottons, etc. - Iida Takashima-ya, 81, Yamashita-cho; Nozawa-ya, Yamamoto, Yamato, all in Benten-dori; Tsuru-ya, in Ishikawa-machi. Cloisonne. - Goto, in Uchida-cho (visitors are shown over the factory); Kawano, in Honcho-dori. Bronze. - Kakuha, in Benten-dori. Tortoise-shell. - Yezaki, in Honcho-dori. Japanese Stationery. - Tanikawa-ya, in Minami Naka-dori Itchome. Toys, etc. - Kitamura, in Benten-dori, Itchome. Bamboo and Bead Blinds, Cabinets, Artificial flowers, Lanterns, etc. - Morishima, in Aioi-cho, Itchome. Japanese Theatres, etc. - Kiraku-za, in Nigiwai-cho; Hagoromo-za, in Hagoromo-cho. A sort of fair is held at night in Basha-michi-dori and Isezaki-cho.

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Public Garden. - At the back of the Settlement, behind the American Consulate; Bluff Gardens, with Tennis Club; Golf links, on the Race-course; New Cricket Ground, etc. on the plateau overlooking Mississippi Bay. Newspapers. - "Japan Gazette," "Japan Herald," "Japan Mail," daily; "Japan Advertiser" and "Japan Times," daily, "The Far East," weekly (published in Tokyo); "Box of Curios," and "Deutsche Japan-post," weekly. History. - Ancient shell-heaps and pottery, dug up near the race-course and at Kanagawa, show that this neighbourhood was inhabited at an extremely remote date; but Yokohama owes its commercial importance to the foreigners who have settled there.

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It was an insignificant fishing village when Commodore Perry anchored off it in 1854, and gave American names to several points in the neighbourhood. When it was agreed to open a Treaty port in this part of Japan, the choice naturally fell, not on Yokohama, but on the thriving town of Kanagawa, on the opposite side of the small bay, now partially filled in. But the Japanese Government, finding Kanagawa inconvenient because of its situation on the Tokaido, at a time when collisions between foreigners and the armed retainers of the Daimyos passing to and from the capital were to be apprehended, gave facilities for leasing ground at Yokohama instead.

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Thither, accordingly, the merchants, eager to open up trade, repaired in 1858. The consuls protested against the change; but the only lasting result of their protest is the retention of the name Kanagawa in certain official documents. The superiority of the Yokohama anchorage doubtless reconciled the foreign community to the inferior position of the place on a mud flat facing north. The greater portion of the Settlement, as it now exists, dates from after the fire of 1866; and the "Bluff," on which most of the well-to-do residents have their dwellings, was first leased for building purposes

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in 1867. A large and rapidly growing native town has sprung up outside the Foreign Settlement. Waterworks, opened in 1887, supply Yokohama from the Sagami-gawa, 28 miles distant. Harbourworks were completed in 1896: electric trams were started in 1905. - In 1911, the foreign population of Yokohama, exclusive of Chinese, amounted to 3560, of whom 1,590 were British and 813 American. It should be explained that although the streets have names, these are comparatively little used, as the numbering of the whole Settlement (Jap. Yamashita-cho) is continuous, irrespective of street names. A similar remark applies to the Bluff (Yamate-cho).

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Though Yokohama boasts but few sights properly so called, the curio-lover will here find himself in his element; and to one newly landed, the native town, with its street-stalls and its theatrical and other shows, will afford an interesting spectacle. A visit should be paid to Noge-yama, close behind the Railway Station, for the sake of the general view of the town and harbour. Here stand some small, but popular and representative, shrines dedicated to the Shinto god of Akiha, to Doryo, a Buddhist saint, to Fudo, the great Buddhist god whose chief shrine is at Narita (see Route 5), and to the Sun-Goddess of Ise (see Route 34). This last, which crowns the hill, is generally known as Daijingu.

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Festivals are held at Noge-yama on the 1st, 15th, and 28th of every month. The temple of Zotoku-in, dedicated to Yakushi Nyorai and situated in Moto-machi close to the Grand Hotel, celebrates its festivals on the 8th and 12th of the month. Near it are the Hundred Steps, with a small tea-house at the top. Yokohama possesses a Public Hall, where English theatrical and other entertainments are given; also a Race-course where meetings are held in spring and autumn. The race-course overlooks Mississippi Bay whose shore affords a charming drive through the vill. of Negishi. Indeed, the whole neighbourhood abounds in fine landscapes.

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Fuji shows out well from the race-course, from the harbour, and from many other points. The flora of Japan may best be studied and specimens obtained at the Yokohama Nursery Co., 21-35, Nakamura Bluff. Students of zoology can procure specimens at Mr. Alan Owston's store, No. 224 Yamashita-cho. The best places to view the cherry-blossom (early April) are the Public Garden (Ko-enchi), Noge-yama, Sakura-michi behind the Bluff, and the more distant temple grounds of Bukenji. The village of Kawawa near Nakayama station is noted for its show of chrysanthemums, early in November. The fine plum and landscape garden belonging to Mr. Hara, at San-no-tani, on Mississippi Bay, is open to the public.

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